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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

周鸿祎委员：数字时代新风险丛生安全不再是“附属品”******

　　【代表委员履职心语】

　　以下为采访摘要：

　　记者：在数字经济蓬勃发展的背景下，面临哪些新的安全挑战？有哪些建议？

　　周鸿祎：最大的安全挑战就是，数字经济是基于数字化技术，数字化技术带来的问题就是一切皆可编程，所有的东西都是软件，软件定义世界。万物互联时代，虚拟空间与物理空间打通，过去所有对虚拟世界的伤害都能变成物理世界的打击；还有大数据驱动业务，数据也变成了可攻击对象，过去数据就是起到存储作用，现在数据一旦瘫痪，就意味着业务停止。

　　具体来讲，网络攻击低成本、隐秘性，导致了现在网络攻击对手已经不再是“小毛贼”，那些勒索软件都是有组织的犯罪；此外，物联网、工业互联网、车联网使得基础设施包括工厂、变电站、交通设施等都成为攻击对象，攻击范围和原来完全不一样；再加上数字化技术本质都是软件，比如，5G通信、物联网、区块链、云计算、大数据、人工智能等，这些技术都属于复杂技术，本身都会有安全问题；还有，数字化带来很多场景的增加，比如，工业互联网场景、车联网场景等，其中，工业互联网涉及很多智能车床、数控车床联网，有很多智能设备和供应链连在一起，供应链又有很多中小企业；车联网还有一个挑战是，过去车厂跟用户不联网，现在用户都要安装App，访问车联网服务。这些改变使得网络数字化安全面临的挑战和威胁与原来网络时代完全不一样。

周鸿祎委员：数字时代新风险丛生安全不再是“附属品”

　　当前，传统行业纷纷进入产业数字化领域，要面临复杂的场景、复杂的数字化技术，就不能够等把这些东西建设好，再把安全作为一个附庸，买点软硬件来合规。我觉得国家一定要支持这些重要行业、关键基础设施，要做好数字化安全顶层设计。

　　过去相关行业遇到网络安全问题，都是找网络安全公司“买药吃”，吃再多“药”也没有真正变成能力的积累和沉淀。网络安全要从卖盒子、卖软件这种思路，转变成为帮助客户建立自己的“数字化医院”，也就是安全基建，要帮助很多城市、大型企业建立网络安全基础设施，有了安全基础设施，就像有了医院，再加上培养大量医生，也就是网络安全专家、网络安全运营人员，这样才能帮助很多单位真正地把自己的安全应对能力建立起来。（光明日报全媒体记者李政葳孔繁鑫）

　　（文图：赵筱尘巫邓炎）

[责编：天天中]

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